Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

What is the function of synapses in the nervous system?

1. Transmit signals

2. Store memories

3. Connect muscles to bones

4. Provide insulation

The correct answer is: Transmit signals

The primary function of synapses in the nervous system is to transmit signals between neurons or between neurons and other types of cells, such as muscle cells. A synapse is the junction where communication occurs, allowing the transfer of information in the form of neurotransmitters. When an electrical signal, or action potential, reaches the end of a neuron (the presynaptic terminal), it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft - the small space between the neurons. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the adjacent neuron (postsynaptic terminal), resulting in the transmission of the signal and continuation of the communication process. While other choices address important aspects of biological systems, they do not pertain to the function of synapses. Storing memories involves different structures in the brain, particularly within the hippocampus and associated systems. The connection of muscles to bones is primarily managed by tendons, not synapses. Providing insulation is a role of myelin sheaths and other structures that support nerve signal transmission but is not a direct function of synapses themselves. Thus, the correct understanding emphasizes that synapses are crucial for the transmission of signals, enabling the nervous system to coordinate responses and process information effectively.