Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

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Prepare for the Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science exam. Utilize flashcards and multiple-choice questions with hints and explanations to succeed in your certification.

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What organelle is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?

Pili
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus

The correct answer is: Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi Apparatus is the organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Once proteins are produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. Within the Golgi apparatus, various enzymes act on the proteins, adding carbohydrate or lipid groups through processes like glycosylation or lipidation, which can alter their function and destination. After this modification process, the Golgi apparatus sorts the proteins based on their final destinations—be it for secretion outside the cell, incorporation into the cell membrane, or delivery to lysosomes. Subsequently, proteins are packaged into new vesicles that bud off from the Golgi to be transported to their designated sites. This organelle plays a critical role in ensuring that proteins are properly processed and delivered, making it essential for maintaining cellular function and communication.