Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

What phenomenon occurs when unpaired electrons align creating a magnetic field?

1. Bar Magnet

2. Magnetic Field

3. Electromagnet

4. Static Electricity

The correct answer is: Bar Magnet

The phenomenon where unpaired electrons align to create a magnetic field is best described by the term "magnetic field." When unpaired electrons in an atom are influenced to align in a particular direction, they collectively produce a magnetic effect. This alignment occurs in materials that exhibit ferromagnetism, such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, where the magnetic moments from the unpaired electrons combine to enhance the overall magnetic field. In contrast, while a bar magnet is a specific type of magnet exhibiting a magnetic field, the question focuses more broadly on the underlying mechanism of alignment of unpaired electrons. An electromagnet involves the flow of electric current creating a magnetic field, and static electricity refers to the imbalance of electric charges on the surface of objects. Therefore, the most accurate answer relating directly to the phenomenon described is "magnetic field."