Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

Which is a function of mitochondria?

1. Synthesis of proteins

2. Digestion of nutrients

3. Production of energy (ATP)

4. Photosynthesis

The correct answer is: Production of energy (ATP)

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because one of their primary functions is the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency in cells. They convert the chemical energy stored in glucose and other nutrients into ATP through a process known as cellular respiration. This involves a series of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, where oxygen is utilized to produce ATP efficiently. The role of mitochondria is critical for cellular energy management, as ATP is essential for various cellular functions, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and biochemical synthesis. Hence, the production of energy in the form of ATP accurately reflects one of the core functions of mitochondria, distinguishing them from other cellular organelles that are responsible for functions such as protein synthesis or digestion.