Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

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Which term describes the addition of a DNA segment from another location in the genome?

  1. Insertion

  2. Translocation

  3. Breakage

  4. Deletion

The correct answer is: Translocation

The term that accurately describes the addition of a DNA segment from another location in the genome is translocation. This process involves the rearrangement of genetic material, where a segment of DNA is transferred from one position to another, either within the same chromosome or to a different chromosome altogether. Translocation is significant in various biological processes, including the regulation of gene expression and the development of certain cancers, where segments of DNA may be mislocalized or improperly expressed. It can result in hybrid genes, which are formed when two different genes are fused together due to translocation events. The other options, such as insertion, breakage, and deletion, refer to different types of genetic modifications or structural changes in the DNA. Insertion involves the addition of new nucleotide sequences, breakage typically refers to the physical breaking of a DNA strand, and deletion is the loss of a segment of DNA from the genome. Therefore, translocation specifically captures the idea of moving a DNA segment to a new site, making it the correct choice in this context.